光肩星天牛的成虫监测和适期防治分析     

黄伟 《林业科技情报》2020,52(1):55-57

以光肩星天牛的发生规律和危害特征为基础,应用引诱剂对其成虫进行动态监测,根据监测数据并结合其生活习性确定防治适期和防治方法,为光肩星天牛的监测和防治提供参考。  相似文献   

鱼腥草系列食品开发及其接受度评价     

吕艳春  肖通 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(1):149-154

以新鲜鱼腥草为主要原料,设计开发鱼腥草辣椒酱、鱼腥草袋泡茶、鱼腥草饮料和鱼腥草纤维蛋糕四种鱼腥草系列加工食品,通过感官评价分析每个产品的风味特点和人群接受度。结果表明,鱼腥草搭配其他配料可以加工成酱、茶、饮料和蛋糕等产品,四个鱼腥草系列加工食品的风味各有特点,其中鱼腥草豆豉辣椒酱和鱼腥草粗纤维蛋糕的接受度较高。通过添加配料改善鱼腥草产品的风味,不但保留了鱼腥草的味道,而且使不喜食鲜鱼腥草的人群可以接受其加工型产品。  相似文献   

低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李嘉慧  成军虎  韩忠 《保鲜与加工》2020,20(4):207-214

低温等离子体活性水（Plasma-activated Water，PAW）中富含活性氧（ROS）、活性氮（RNS）等活性成分，并具有低pH、高氧化还原电位、高电导率等特殊理化性质，近年来逐渐成为一种新型的非热物理加工方式被应用到食品杀菌与保鲜领域。低温等离子体活性水不仅能有效杀灭食品中的微生物，包括细菌、酵母、霉菌等，还能维持食品本身的品质不受显著性破坏，并且具有操作简单、处理时间短、效率高等优点，可以广泛应用在于果蔬和水产品的保鲜及肉制品的加工工艺中，满足目前市场对绿色无公害的产品需求。本文综述了低温等离子体活性水在食品领域的应用进展，讨论了低温等离子体活性水对微生物的灭活机理、对食品营养品质和感官特性的影响及PAW目前的局限性和未来发展潜力。  相似文献   

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus     

Samuel K. Mutiga  Nelson Chepkwony  Owens A. Hoekenga  Sherry A. Flint‐Garcia  Rebecca J. Nelson 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):38-50

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.  相似文献   

我国农作物绿色食品的生产瓶颈和生产前景     

王欢  李敬  郭春英 《现代农业研究》2020,(1):67-68

生产农作物绿色食品是农业的发展方向，也是可持续发展的必然要求，是世界范围都要引起 重视的普遍课题，我国更需迫切重视。使用一般的无公害杀虫剂是不能生产出绿色食品的，而目前病 虫害绿色防控技术还不成熟，现在可用于绿色食品生产的高效无毒的杀虫剂在我国已首先研究出来 了，当前缺少的仅是农产品市场完备的农药残留检测机制，解决这个瓶颈问题可给绿色食品创造存在 的空间，从而实现农业绿色产业大发展，这一天的到来已为期不远。  相似文献   

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.  相似文献   

以普鲁兰多糖为载体的CO2型指示标签的研制     

胡云峰  位锦锦  梁晶  胡晗艳 《保鲜与加工》2019,19(2):75-80

以普鲁兰为成膜材料制备一种CO2敏感型指示标签，以食品包装中CO2含量作为监控指标，以甲基红和溴百里酚蓝为指示剂，与成膜材料普鲁兰多糖及甘油混合制得对CO2敏感的凝溶液，以滤纸为基材制备指示标签，并研究普鲁兰多糖浓度、甘油添加量、倒板量对指示标签变色的影响，采用响应面分析法对指示标签的制作工艺进行优化。结果表明，指示标签制备的最佳工艺条件为：在甲基红溶液与溴百里酚蓝溶液体积比为3∶2，质量浓度为5%的混合指示液中添加普鲁兰多糖7.5 g/100 mL、甘油2 g/100 mL，将6.5 mL溶液倒入铺有滤纸的平皿中，浸泡2 h并自然晾干12 h，可制得CO2气敏性指示标签，对其进行验证，色差值为18.21。该指示标签制备工艺简单，可重复操作，具有较大的使用价值。  相似文献   

中国粮食进口安全综合评价研究——基于超效率DEA模型     

王瑞峰  李爽  姜宇博 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(3):489

在对粮食及粮食进口安全内涵加以界定的基础上,从粮食数量、粮食质量、粮食价格、粮食贸易、国家经济、生态环境6个方面分析中国粮食进口安全的影响因素,基于超效率DEA模型构建中国粮食进口安全评价模型。对1992—2015年中国粮食进口安全状况进行评价,结果表明,1992—2015年中国粮食进口处于安全状态,粮食进口对我国粮食价格安全和生态安全的影响程度较小,对数量安全、质量安全、贸易安全和经济安全的影响程度较大。  相似文献   

一种多功能食品加工机的研讨     

陈松波 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》1990,(1)

在食品加工中,各单元操作已使用各种形式的操作单机。如和面机、搅拌机、打蛋机、绞肉机等。目前,像饮食行业和职工食堂等部门,由于加工批量不大,采用单机操作,则机械利用率低,且投资大,管理和使用不方便。如果用一台具有多种功能的加工机代替各种单机,是有一定的经济和实用价值的。因此,我国已开始研制多种功能食品加工机。为了交流信息,加速多功能食品加工机的发展,本文介绍一种具有和面、拌肉馅、打蛋花、打奶酪、绞肉末、挤面条等多种功能的食品机。 并扼要说明该机的整体结构和传动系统,及进行不同作业时所选用的各种附件的结构和工作原理。  相似文献   

A releaser pheromone that attracts methyltestosterone- treated immature fish in the urine of ovulated female rainbow trout     

Hidenobu Yambe  Fumio Yamazaki 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):214-220

SUMMARY: Behavioral experiments concerning a releaser pheromone in the urine of female rainbow trout were performed using immature fish administered orally with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) during the non-spawning season. The urine was collected by catheter. The frequency of entries of test fish was recorded in each channel scented by test and control solutions in a Y-maze trough. The behavior of both MT-treated and control fish demonstrated that they could not discriminate the differences between distilled and environmental water as control solutions. There was also no difference between MT-treated and control fish when distilled and environmental water were introduced. The MT-treated immature fish were attracted to the channel scented by ovulated female urine. Neither coelomic fluid nor the immature female urine had any effect on the behavioral responses of MT-treated fish, while immature control fish had no preference for the urine of ovulated females. These results suggest in rainbow trout that ovulated female urine contains a releaser pheromone to attract mature males, and that androgens are involved in the sensory mechanisms detecting the releaser pheromone in fish.  相似文献